![]() Affected individuals had an average heart rate of less than 55 bpm on 24-hour ECG with a minimum of less than 36 bpm, whereas unaffected individuals had an average heart rate greater than 63 bpm and a minimum rate greater than 49 bpm. (2007) studied 8 affected and 8 unaffected members of a 4-generation family with asymptomatic sinus bradycardia. A high-grade AV block resulting in bradyarrhythmia and the occurrence of ST-T changes in precordial leads could be demonstrated in all affected family members, suggesting a diffuse general conduction abnormality. Idiopathic atrial fibrillation known since childhood was documented in 3 close relatives. A permanent ventricular demand pacemaker was implanted at the age of 10 years after syncope due to severe bradyarrhythmia. The 10-year-old proband had shown intrauterine and postnatal bradycardia, and atrial fibrillation was first documented electrocardiographically at 16 months of age. ![]() This is clearly the same family as that reported later by Bertram et al. Their father and grandfather, as well as their great-grandmother, had the same. (1993) described a family in which a 10-year-old boy and his 20-year-old sister were found to have atrial fibrillation and bradyarrhythmia. Mackintosh and Chamberlain (1979) described sinus node disease affecting both parents and both children in 1 family.īeyer et al. In another family, described in 140450, brachydactyly was combined. In some affected members, there was an association between the grade of mental retardation and the severity of the sinoatrial disorder. Lehmann and Klein (1978) reported a large family with sinus node dysfunction spanning 3 generations as an autosomal dominant trait. Sudden death, presumably of cardiac origin, had occurred in 1 member of the third generation. Surawicz and Hariman (1988) found that some members of the third and fourth generations suffered from more symptomatic bradycardia at a younger age than their parents which led, in some cases, to pacemaker implantation. (1960), individuals in subsequent generations manifested slow heart rate with regular rhythm from birth and developed intermittent atrial fibrillation with established atrial fibrillation requiring chronic treatment later. ![]() Surawicz and Hariman (1988) provided a follow-up of this family. (1960) presented a family in which 9 members of 3 generations exhibited nodal rhythm with bradycardia and tended to develop paroxysms of atrial fibrillation in the fourth decade of life. Mitral valve myxoid degeneration (in some patients) Īortic valve regurgitation (in some patients) īacos et al. ![]() Mitral valve prolapse (in some patients) Left ventricular hypertrophy (in some patients) Left ventricular noncompaction (in some patients) īiventricular hypertrabeculation (in some patients) Ventricular fibrillation (in some patients) Ĭardiac arrest (rare) Sinus bradycardia Ītrial fibrillation (in some patients) ![]()
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